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MULTI-MASTER shanks
                       The MULTI-MASTER shanks are produced from various materials:
                       steel (for general applications), tungsten carbide (has high stiffness) and heavy metal (an alloy with
                       great tungsten percentage with small alloying additions of other metals; the alloy features excellent
                       vibration damping properties but not recommended for heavy-duty applications due to its limited
                        impact fatigue strength).
                       The shanks differ in configuration: without neck and with straight or tapered neck.
                       The taper angle for standard shanks varies from 5˚ on side to 1˚. Of course, overall lengths and
                       neck lengths vary also.
                       Combining the above shank characteristics provides the die maker with the tool that is exactly
                       needed in his specific operation, whether it be roughing or finishing, machining deep cavities or
                       shoulders, milling under poor clamping or with high overhang.
                       Modularity converts the MULTI-MASTER tools into a powerful means for choosing the right tool.


                     Table 21 MM HC… Heads: Starting Speed Vc, m/min (rough to semi-finish milling)
                      ISO Class          ISCAR                     Slot                   Shoulder
                     DIN/ISO 513       Mat. Group*                Milling                  Milling

                                           1                       160                      190
           Milling Tools
                                          2-4                      125                      160
                                           5                       110                      135
                         P                 6                       115                      140
                                          7-9                      95                       130
                                          10                       95                       125
                                          11                       80                       110
                         M               12, 13                    90                       120
                                         15-16                     145                      175
                         K
                                         17-18                     135                      165
                         H               38.1**                    55                       75
                   *   ISCAR material group in accordance with VDI 3323 standard
                   **  HRC 45-49

                     In case of unfavorable conditions (poor clamping, milling thin walls, high overhang) the values in
                     Tables 20 and 21 should be reduced by 20-30%.

                     Generally, the MULTI-MASTER endmill heads are produced from grade IC908 that has tough
                     submicron substrate and PVD TiAlN coating. This universal grade is suitable for wide-range milling
                     applications, including interrupted cut and unfavorable conditions, with medium to high cutting
                     speeds; and feature excellent notch wear and built-up edge resistance.
                     Additionally, some heads intended for milling hardened steel are manufactured from grade IC903.
                     The previous section is devoted to solid carbide endmills and contains a brief description.

                     Example
                     Rough milling a square shoulder of 4 mm width (ae) and 6 mm height (ap) is need during machining
                     a bushing of a die set. The bushing material – steel AISI S1 with hardness HB 190. A planner
                     specified for milling a MULTI-MASTER tool comprising short steel shank MM S-A-L070-W20-T10
                     and economy head MM HC160C16R0.4-2T10 908. The bushing is properly clamped into the
                     clamping fixture of the machine tool.

                     The machined material relates to the sixth material group (No.6).
                     The nominal diameter of the above head is 16 mm (D), its cutting length 15 mm (Ap).

                     Under these tool dimensions and machining requirements one pass is enough for milling the
                     shoulder (ae/D = 6/16=3/8, ap<Ap); so the shoulder can be machined by one pass (p. 31).
                     From Table 20, starting feed fz =0.12 mm/tooth and from Table 21, starting cutting
                     speed Vc=140 m/min.

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